Occupational Activities and Cognitive Reserve: a Frontier Approach Applied to the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe

The aim of this paper was to use a parametric stochastic frontier approach (coming from the economic literature) to explore the impact of the concept of activity (taken in a broad sense: i.e., including both professional and non-professional activities) on the constitution and the care of cognitive reserve among the European population aged 50 and up. For this purpose, we use individual data collected during the first wave of SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) performed in 2004. The advantages of this survey were (1) it included a large population (n = 18,623) geographically distributed throughout Europe; and (2) it simultaneously analyzed several dimensions (physical and mental health, mobility, occupational activities, socioeconomic status, etc.). Our results confirm the positive impact of occupational activities on the cognitive functioning of elderly people. These results are discussed in terms of the prevention of cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease, and more particularly of retirement policy issues.

Occupational Activities and Cognitive Reserve: a Frontier Approach Applied to the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)

The aim of this paper was to use a parametric stochastic frontier approach (coming from the economic literature) to explore the impact of the concept of activity (taken in a broad sense: i.e., including both professional and non-professional activities) on the constitution and the care of cognitive reserve among the European population aged 50 and up. For this purpose, we use individual data collected during the first wave of SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) performed in 2004. The advantages of this survey were (1) it included a large population (n = 18,623) geographically distributed throughout Europe; and (2) it simultaneously analyzed several dimensions (physical and mental health, mobility, occupational activities, socioeconomic status, etc.). Our results confirm the positive impact of occupational activities on the cognitive functioning of elderly people. These results are discussed in terms of the prevention of cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease, and more particularly of retirement policy issues

Epidémiologie des syndromes coronaires aigüs dans le service d'urgence d'un hôpital ne disposant pas de cardiologie interventionelle

PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

ETUDE DE L'INTERACTION SOL-STRUCTURE COMPORTEMENT NON-LINEAIRE SOL-FONDATION SUPERFICIELLE

LE DIMENSIONNEMENT DES BATIMENTS IMPLIQUE UNE MODELISATION REALISTE DES CONDITIONS AUX LIMITES A L'INTERFACE SOL-STRUCTURE. A L'HEURE ACTUELLE, LES CONDITIONS D'ENCASTREMENT DES POTEAUX OU DES APPUIS ELASTIQUES SONT LE PLUS SOUVENT CONSIDEREES POUR MODELISER LE COMPORTEMENT DU SYSTEME SOL-FONDATION. OR IL EST ETABLI QUE LE COMPORTEMENT D'UNE FONDATION ISOLEE POSEE SUR UN SOL HOMOGENE EST NON-LINEAIRE. L'ETUDE PRESENTEE A POUR OBJECTIF DE CARACTERISER LE COMPORTEMENT DU SYSTEME SOL-FONDATION SUPERFICIELLE SOUMIS A DES CHARGEMENTS COMPLEXES A PARTIR D'ESSAIS EN CENTRIFUGEUSE ET DES RESULTATS DE MODELISATION PAR ELEMENTS FINIS. LES CHARGEMENTS APPLIQUES SONT DU TYPE FORCE VERTICALE CENTREE, ET MOMENT COMBINE (FORCE EXCENTREE) OU DECOUPLE D'UN PRECHARGEMENT VERTICAL. CES CHARGEMENTS SONT APPLIQUES EN MODE MONOTONE OU CYCLIQUE QUASI-STATIQUE. LA REALISATION D'ESSAIS EN CENTRIFUGEUSE SUR UN MODELE REDUIT DE FONDATION CARREE A L'AIDE D'UN DISPOSITIF ORIGINAL DE CHARGEMENT PERMET D'ETABLIR UNE BASE DE DONNEES EXPERIMENTALES DONT ON MAITRISE UN MAXIMUM DE PARAMETRES. ON PRECISE AINSI LA DIFFERENCE ENTRE LE CHARGEMENT EXCENTRE ET DECOUPLE EN TERME DE CHARGE LIMITE, DE RAIDEUR STATIQUE INITIALE ET DE RAIDEUR FINALE. CES GRANDEURS CONSTITUENT ALORS LES PARAMETRES DE LA LOI DE COMPORTEMENT PROPOSEE POUR LE DEPLACEMENT D'UNE FONDATION SUPERFICIELLE EN FONCTION DU CHARGEMENT. LA MODELISATION NUMERIQUE DU PROBLEME PERMET DE DETERMINER L'INFLUENCE DES PARAMETRES INTRINSEQUES DU SOL ET DE LA FONDATION SUR LE COMPORTEMENT DE LA FONDATION ET D'ETENDRE LES CAS DE CHARGEMENTS APPLIQUES. EN CONCLUSION, CETTE ETUDE PERMET ENTRE AUTRES DE PRECISER L'ALLURE DU DIAGRAMME D'INTERACTION EFFORT VERTICAL-MOMENT ET SA VARIATION EN FONCTION DES PARAMETRES INTRINSEQUES DU SOL.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

L5P a specific lipopeptide of <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subp. <em>paratuberculosis</em>: feature and innovative diagnosis applications

National audienceJohne’s disease or paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), is a major worldwide health problem of domestic and wild animals. All control programmes developed until now against this large epizootie have failed due to the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic assays and to the lack of an efficient vaccine [1]. The research of new cell wall antigens represent an original alternative to protein antigens typically used in commercial sero-diagnostic tests. Many non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Mav) synthesize abundant glycopeptidolipids (GPLs). These surfacelocated GPLs are involved in pathogenicity by interfering with the host immune system. In Mav, GPLs consist of a lipopeptide core composed of a tetrapeptide O-linked to mono- and oligo-saccharides. The biosynthesis pathway of the simplest GPLs is now relatively well understood and involves probably more than fifteen genes [2]. Biochemical analysis of a large set of characterized Map isolates showed that all Map strains tested produce a lipopentapeptide (L5P) instead of GPLs. To provide a genomic basis for the synthesis of this compound, the published genome sequence of Map was explored using in silico methods. Even though Map produces a lipopeptide rather than GPL, its genome contains nevertheless a locus highly similar to the GPL biosynthetic pathway of Mav. We showed that the module composition of the non-ribosomal protein synthase (Nrp) of Map, the enzyme involved in the synthesis of the peptidyl moiety, is dramatically different from that of other GPL producers such as M. smegmatis (Ms) and Mav and is in agreement with the amino acid content of the L5P. To circumvent the problems of challenging native purification, L5P was chemically synthesized which allows the large-scale production of pure L5P [3]. We further showed that L5P is the target for a highly specific humoral response involving IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies in Map-infected animals, and that the major epitopes of the L5P are localized in the peptidyl moiety of the molecule. We also showed L5P is the target for a specific humoral response in a subset of human patients with Crohn disease (CD). The L5P, a molecular signature of Map, will open the way to an innovative ELISA diagnosis based on a novel synthetic antigen to unambiguously distinguish Map from Mav, M. bovis or other environmental mycobacteria in sera from livestock or from CD patients [4]. T cell assay and direct detection using specific monoclonal antibodies available should complete diagnosis of Map from blood, milk, and lesions

L5P a specific lipopeptide of[i] Mycobacterium avium[/i] subp. [i]Paratuberculosis[/i]: feature and innovative diagnosis applications

Session III : Innate and adaptive responses to microbes. The beneficial and harmful aspectsJohne’s disease or paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), is a major worldwide health problem of domestic and wild animals. All control programmes developed until now against this large epizootie have failed due to the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic assays and to the lack of efficient vaccine. The research of new cell wall antigens represent an original alternative to protein antigens typically used in commercial sero-diagnostic tests. Biochemical analysis of a large set of characterized Map isolates showed that all Map strains tested produce a lipopentapeptide (L5P) instead of GPLs produced by many non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Mav). To provide a genomic basis for the synthesis of this compound, the genome of Map was explored. We showed that the module composition of the non-ribosomal protein synthase (Nrp) of Map, the enzyme involved in the synthesis of the peptidyl moiety, is dramatically different from that of other GPL producers such as Mav and is in agreement with the amino acid content of the L5P. To circumvent the problems of challenging native purification, L5P was chemically synthesized which allows the large-scale production of pure L5P. We further showed that L5P is the target for a highly specific humoral and that the major epitopes of the L5P are localized in the peptidyl moiety of the molecule. We also showed L5P is the target for a specific humoral response in a subset of human patients with Crohn disease (CD). The L5P, a molecular signature of Map, will open the way to an innovative ELISA diagnosis to unambiguously distinguish Map from Mav, M. bovis or other environmental mycobacteria in sera from livestock or from CD patients. T cell assay and direct detection using specific monoclonal antibodies available should complete diagnosis of Map from blood, milk, and lesions

L5P: news development for specific sero-diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection

International audienceBackground: Unlike other MAC members, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis does not produce the GPL on the surface of the cell wall but a lipopentapeptide called L5P or LP01. The molecular and genetic characterization of this antigen demonstrated that L5P is specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. L5P produced by chemical synthesis was used to show that this molecule is suitable to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infected animals. Currently available diagnostic tests are based on the use of whole cell antigen that are mainly not Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific and that require a pre-absorption step with antigen of Mycobacterium phlei. These diagnostics detect animals with a late infection but are not sensitive enough to detect early infection. We hypothesize that the pre-absorption step prevents detection of informative populations of immunoglobulins, especially in animals with “asymptomatic shedding” not detected by the current serology-based diagnostics. Objective: Assess the potential of L5P and soluble variants for the serological diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection using collections of sera from different contexts. Method: In order to find the best compound for use in serology we chemically synthesized L5P and derivatives of L5P including water-soluble forms. These pure compounds were evaluated on three collections of serum, each well characterized from infected and non-infected cattle, goats and sheep. Results: ROC analysis showed that L5P and also water-soluble derivatives are suitable for the development of a serological diagnostic test. Advantageously, these pure synthetic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific antigens can be produced at low cost